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题目材料：
"Flight-Initiation Distance" (FID) is the distance at which birds flee from an approaching human. Birds adjust their FIDs in relation to a range of factors, including body mass, encounter rates with stimuli, and aspects of the stimulus such as starting distance (the distance at which a human approach begins), stimulus type (e.g., vehicle or walker), proximity to refuge, directness and speed of approach. The ability to discriminate between stimuli within species demonstrates that cognition is involved in the specifics of bird escape, and the substantial cognitive ability of at least some birds has recently been highlighted. Accurate judgment of risk, and appropriate mediation of response, is likely to be critical for the survival of many birds that encounter potentially threatening stimuli such as humans in increasing numbers and places. The "cognitive buffer" hypothesis suggests larger-brained birds will be better able to adapt to novel environmental conditions, such as those created by anthropogenic landscape change. In theory, these birds may be able to more accurately judge risk when presented with a stimulus, or be able to learn (habituate or sensitize) to adjust responses appropriately based on their previous experience. If so, one would predict that there would be a negative association between FID and brain size within and across species.
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