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题目材料：
Only in the collecting sciences are raw data—specimens, fossils, artifacts—regarded as communal property, to which legitimate practitioners have rights of access. Collections are an intellectual commons on which all producers depend, and the owners or keepers of collections are understood to be responsible for keeping them in good order and accessible to users. These moral precepts doubtless reflect the fact that important collections tend to end up in public museums. But l think they also derive from the reality that found objects, unlike manufactured data, are a unique and irreplaceable resource, the loss of which deprives all practitioners of the means of best practice.
The moral economy of facts is quite different in sciences that generate facts artificially by measuring or experimenting. In these sciences raw data are regarded as private: because, l think, they are in principle unlimited and if lost can be produced again. Manufactured data become public only when published and though publishing is expected, it is also understood to be selective and a personal matter, impelled more by imperatives of ambition and career than moral obligation. Individuals may perish professionally if they neglect to publish, but if they do perish someone else can always produce equivalent data, so there is no loss to the common good. Raw data are not an intellectual commons, as are collections. The experimental sciences operate more in a market economy than a moral one.
The moral economy of facts is quite different in sciences that generate facts artificially by measuring or experimenting. In these sciences raw data are regarded as private: because, l think, they are in principle unlimited and if lost can be produced again. Manufactured data become public only when published and though publishing is expected, it is also understood to be selective and a personal matter, impelled more by imperatives of ambition and career than moral obligation. Individuals may perish professionally if they neglect to publish, but if they do perish someone else can always produce equivalent data, so there is no loss to the common good. Raw data are not an intellectual commons, as are collections. The experimental sciences operate more in a market economy than a moral one.
· 相关考点
信息题-信息本身及合理推断
信息题-信息本身及合理推断
以上解析由 考满分老师提供。
