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The author of the passage discusses voter turnout rates primarily in order to
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The author of the passage mentions conservatives in the highlighted sentence primarily in order to
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Unlike the static, classically composed portraits produced by her mentor Walker Evans, twentieth-century New York photographer Helen Levitt`s photographs seem candid and spontaneous. Whereas Evans` subjects look directly into the camera, so that photographer and subject conspire in the making of a portrait, Levitt`s subjects seem caught unawares. As a "street" photographer, before the term`s invention, Levitt has claimed to have attempted to capture life as she found it. But there is a paradox to her technique. Her off-the-cuff aesthetic seemingly guarantees objectivity, since she was recording street scenes she happened upon, yet her photographs could be said to be highly subjective, to be reflections of Levitt`s own distinctive preoccupations and ways of seeing. Unlike Evans` images, Levitt`s are solely the products of the photographer without the conscious participation of their subjects. The repetitions evident in Levitt`s choices of subjects, for example, her many photographs of children in masks and disguises, reveal more about Levitt herself than about those subjects.
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According to the passage, which of the following appears to ensure the objectivity of Levitt`s photographs?
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The passage asserts which of the following about Evans` portrait photographs?
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The passage suggests which of the following about street photography?
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The expectation that science is a stable body of relatively objective knowledge on which the law can draw to settle legal controversies may seem benign. However, this expectation often corresponds to a romantic notion of the scientific enterprise and thereby eclipses not only the instabilities and controversies within science itself, but also the social and rhetorical aspects of even the best science. We see the idealization of science in law whenever there is a presumption that if two scientific experts disagree, one of them must be a "junk scientist". This presumption ignores the theoretical presuppositions and limitations of data that lead to genuine scientific disputes. We also see the idealization of science in law whenever we associate "bias, interest, and motivation" with unreliable expertise. This association missed the practical advances made by scientists who have strong theoretical biases, institutional interests, and financial motivations. Finally, we see the idealization of science in law whenever a legislator, administrator, or judge demands certainty from science, not recognizing its probabilistic nature and dynamic history. It is neither a critique of scientific progress nor an exaggeration to acknowledge scientific debates, the conventional aspects of scientific methodology, the importance of networking and "social capital" with respect to publications and grants, and the persuasive elements in scientific discourse. To think that these features are somehow markers of bad science is to idealize science.
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The primary purpose of the passage is to
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The author suggests that which of the following can lead to the dismissal of a scientific expert as a junk scientist?
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The author mentions “scientists who have strong theoretical biases, institutional interests, and financial motivations” primarily in order to
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Only since the Second World War has graphic design been categorized as a field worth knowing about and preserving, and most design collections have been narrowly defined. There are few extant archives of advertisements, some design collections include only political posters by established artists, other collections focus on such specific historical documents as election posters. Rigidly defined collections like these can foster pigeonholed concepts of design history. In contrast, Merrill Berman`s ambitious reach as a collector- one that includes avant-graphics, anonymous political posters, and commercial advertisements- preserves graphics in a wide range to show how graphic designs pervade a culture, not in isolation from on another but all mixed together part of the daily inundation of meanings and visual stimulation.
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Which of the following best describes the function of the highlight sentence
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The restaurant often experience a decline in business after holiday seasons, for potential customers attempt to be more _____ to balance out their former celebratory indulgences.
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Just as different human groups have different kinds of musical traditions, different groups of whales have different dialects evident in their songs, and it is possible for one group to influence the (i)_____ of another. It has been documented more than once that a group of whales will (ii)_____ its own tunes and adopt the new songs of an unfamiliar group.
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Any number of mysteries to which individual scholars of Athenian history have devoted whole careers are addressed by Ober, and mostly successfully. This will cause some (i)_____ among scholars who have worked for years on a particular problem only to see another scholar suddenly (ii)_____ it.
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Wolosky claims that Ella Wheeler Wilcox joined other women poets such as Julia Ward Howe, Frances Harper, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman in critiquing materialism and possessive individualism. Wolosky's description (i)_____ the poetry of Gilman, Howe, and Harper, but it is not entirely (ii)_____ in the case of Wilcox, who hardly (iii)_____ the materialism of her time. Rather, Wilcox seems to have embraced the amassing of private property.
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Space is often referred to as the final frontier, as the only realm of which humankind has still to gain substantial understanding, yet the ocean realm is another vast area about which our knowledge is _____.
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The occasional minor errors, while annoying, do not _____ the basic scholarship or the valuable contribution of this book.
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Needing an advocate who would be both precise and succinct, they rejected McLintock, whose inveterate _____ would automatically preclude meeting those requirements.
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Baker set a new standard for explaining difficult art in language the public could understand; consequently, her books remain exemplars of _____ in art-historical analysis.
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