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As described in the passage, a stemma is most closely analogous to which of the following?
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It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding the usefulness of internal evidence from ancient Roman texts?
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In its discussion of external evidence, the passage suggests which of the following about manuscripts of ancient Roman texts during the Middle Ages?
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Select the sentence in the first paragraph that suggests that scholars might be led to underestimate the extent of the connection between certain manuscripts.
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A study of cardiovascular health involving a large, randomly selected group of adults found that members of the group who reported having taken aspirin regularly for the past five to ten years were significantly less likely to have developed heart disease than were members of the group who reported they had not taken aspirin regularly. Although suggestive, these results should not be interpreted as proof that taking aspirin regularly significantly reduces the likelihood of developing heart disease, since .
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Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
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In the absence of reliable data concerning the relationship between the material quality [i.e., physical condition] and the price of used books, it is impossible to offer statistically exact information for the impact of the used-book market on the cost of reading in eighteenth-century England. Yet it can hardly be doubted that such an impact occurred, not only as the standard behavior of markets but inferentially through the innovative design and packaging strategies that London booksellers increasingly resorted to from 1760 in order to identify (and no doubt also create) more finely differentiated classes of readers. Fortunately, we can also call on extensive, independent price lists for eighteenth-century books published in Britain to track differences in the cost of new and used volumes of the same title, edition, and format. To the extent that new list prices for successive editions of the same work in a uniform format remain constant or increase at a lesser rate than consumer prices generally, the hypothesis that the secondary book market exercised a drag on book prices would gain fresh support. At the same time, variance in price among new and used copies of any given title and edition can be used as a proxy for material quality determinations in the two markets.
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The primary purpose of the passage is to
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The author cites “the standard behavior of markets" primarily to
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The author of the passage mentions “innovative design and packaging strategies" primarily to
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Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?
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Harrison has argued that nineteenth-century French government administrators generally ignored the activities of women's associations, and most historians agree that female groups appear to have garnered little notice from authorities. While Grange suggests that this may be because so few female associations existed throughout much of the nineteenth century, Duprat has uncovered numerous female societies, especially societes de bienfaisance [charitable societies], many of which received more generous treatment from municipal and national officials than their male counterparts. However, she suggests that their official "silence"- the absence of general assemblies and of frequent publications, as well as their careful cultivation of the traditional, nonthreatening mage of dames de charite [charitable women]一kept these associations largely out of public view.
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Duprat would most likely agree that certain nineteenth-century French female societies
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As represented in the passage, the views of which of the following scholars are consistent with one another with regard to the official notice received by women's associations?
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The fiction of American writer William Gilmore Simms (1806-1870) is frequently too verbose, sentimental, and melodramatic for modem literary tastes. While something similar could be said of many of Simms's near contemporaries, including Melville and Poe, these others were fortunate in having their works rescued from the dustbin of time. Simms, however, was unfortunate in at least one respect: his only biographer for a hundred years, William P. Trent (1892), was unwilling to grant Simms the credit due for his insistence on a so-called American literature and for his constant experimentation with the themes and forms of that fledgling literature. Simms's insistence on a literary independence grounded in intrinsically American subject matter constitutes an important contribution to American literatures development.
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The passage indicates that in contrast to the works of Simms, the works of Melville and of Poe
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In the context in which it appears, “grant” most nearly means
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Scholars often attribute the emergence of a new conception of women writers as literary artists to elite, male- dominated venues like the Atlantic Monthly, which gained influence during the 1860s and 1870s. The careers of Mary Gibson and other women writing during the 1850s, however, suggest a different account of the transformation of American female authorship-pushing its inception into the antebellum period and locating its origins in more popular venues. Far from waiting for the elite imprimatur of the Atlantic, writers like Gibson took advantage of the opportunities for publication provided by midcentury story papers (periodicals containing popular fiction). Women supplied much of the material for story papers and, in the process, presented striking images of female authorship and artistry to thousands of readers.
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The author of the passage would most likely agree with which of the following statements about writers like Gibson?
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