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In the $$xy$$-plane, the points $$(-2, 1)$$ and $$(2, 3)$$ lie on line l. Which of the following points does NOT lie on line l?
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Nineteenth-century historian Jacob Burckhardt's remarkable assertion that "women stood on a footing of perfect equality with men" in sixteenth-century Italy resulted from his close identification with the early humanists a small, elite group in Renaissance Italy. Ironically, as Margaret King has shown, humanist texts actually reflect inequalities between men and women, one example is the programs of study recommended for girls. A pedagogic imperative like Leonardo Bruni' s that women should study the liberal arts as men did with the exception of rhetoric, which "lies wholly outside the province of women" - went unnoticed by Burckhardt because he shared the humanist assumption that women's province was the private sphere rather than the public sphere. The relegation of women to a "private"sphere was a complex historical phenomenon that should be analyzed in light of other social and economic changes occurring during the Renaissance. Historians desirous of understanding women's experience cannot view the period, as Burckhardt did, through the lens provided by the humanists.
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It can be inferred from the passage that Leonardo Bruni most likely believed which of the following?
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Which of the following is a crticism the author of the passage makes of Burckhardt's work?
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Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the position taken by the author of the passage regarding Burckhardt's evaluation of historical evidence?
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Early archaeologists studying prehistoric Mesoamerica applied the term “Olmec” to various artifacts of unknown provenance exhibiting an art style distinct from previously known styles of central Mexican cultures. Later, mid-twentieth-century archaeologists began excavating sites in Mexico' s Gulf Coast lowlands, where monumental sculptures with attributes of this distinct style were discovered. Consequently, the Gulf Coast region was identified as the Olmec civilization's homeland. Thereafter, artifacts exhibiting this style from anywhere beyond the Gulf Coast have been assumed to represent Olmec influence. Although artifact dating is often problematic, Olmec-style objects from outside the homeland are often judged to be either contemporary with Olmec civilization or derived from it. Therefore, some objects are assumed to reflect Olmec origins for cultural developments in areas outside the Gulf Coast.
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The author mentions "artifact dating" primarily to
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The information given, if accurate, provides the strongest justification for which of the following caims?
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It can be inferred from the passage that the "Olmec-style objects"
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The late zoologist Sidnie Manton acknowledged that arthropods-animals with jointed exoskeletons, such as flies, crabs, and spiders-are all descended from soft- bodied segmented worms. Yet he maintained that differences in limb form, musculature, and embryonic development indicate that these three arthropod groups insects, crustaceans, and chelicerates, respectively evolved independently from worms rather than from a common arthropod ancestor. Consequently, according to Manton, shared characteristics such as a jointed exoskeleton and large compound eyes represent cases of convergent evolution-similar yet independent developments in these organisms. But if they evolved convergently, then one would expect significant differences in the neurological systems supporting sight. In fact, however, many nerve cells play virtually identical roles in supporting complex visual responses in both insects and crustaceans, suggesting that their common ancestor already possessed highly developed eyes, and therefore was probably already an arthropod. Yet the compound eyes of chelicerates differ neurologically from those of insects and crustaceans, suggesting that the eyes of chelicerates did evolve independently and providing partial confirmation of Manton's views.
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The primary purpose of the passage is to
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It can be inferred that the author of the passage and Manton would be most likely to disagree over which of the following claims?
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It can be inferred from the passage that Manton believed which of the following about the "shared characteristics" mentioned in the passage?
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Modem radar observations indicate that the bodies making up Saturn's rings range from small grains to bodies several meters in diameter. This generates some uncertainty about the origin of the material that composes the ring system. One theory is that the orbit of a small satellite diminished until its proximity to Saturn caused it to be torn apart by the planet's tidal forces, breaking it up into bodies a few tens of kilometers in diameter. Further fragmentation by tidal forces would have been unlikely, however, since the effectiveness of tidal forces increases with the size of the body on which they act. Subsequent collisions between these initial bodies could have been the events that produced the finer material to form the rings.
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Based on information in the passage, which of the following best describes the "subsequent collisions" ?
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The highlighted sentence serves primarily to
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The two primary theoretical traditions that frame research about audience exposure to television carry differential assumptions of how television viewers use the medium. The uses and gratifications approach conceptualizes the audience as active and goal directed when consuming media and offers an understanding of how audience motivations, individual characteristics, and preferences link to media behavior. Findings demonstrate considerable audience activity in decisions about whether to watch television, especially involving program-or program type-preferences. However, studies in this tradition empirically ignore that exposure is not completely free of constraints. Structural or contextual factors, such as the audience member's availability and access to television or other media, the ability or willingness to pay for multichannel services, as well as scheduling factors, impact use of television. Scholars who focus on these structural determinants use aggregate data (usually secondary analyses supplied by Nielsen) to demonstrate consistent patterns of macrolevel audience behavior. Findings from this approach usually have impressive predictive power and utility for explaining the mass audience but are ill-suited to explain the underlying reasons for medium or
program choice, including individual motivations for selecting television in the first place.
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The primary purpose of the passage is to
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Select the sentence in the passage that identifies a limitation to the uses and gratifications approach.
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The author would most likely agree with which of the following claims about television viewers' choices of particular programs?
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