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Huron Indian culture in the seventeenth century valued conformity and strongly discouraged idiosyncratic behavior. Since few wished to endure dishonor or reproach, public criticism was often used effectively as a strong pressure for conformity. However, it is a fallacy to equate intolerance of idiosyncratic behavior with lack of respect for individual dignity. While most individuals attempted to live up to society' s ideals, they remained highly sensitive to the preservation of individual honor, and personal independence remained highly important. Overt attempts to coerce anyone were strongly opposed. And if such coercion came from outside a person' s clan, it was considered an affront to the clan, as well as to the individual. The individual' s right to be free from overt constraint was also reinforced by Huron custom and by the vigor with which each clan guarded its independence and privileges. Custom did not permit society as a whole to punish offenders. Responsibility for an individual' s actions was assumed by the individual' s own clan.
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The author refers to the Huron attitude toward coercion primarily in order to
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According to the passage, Huron custom in the seventeenth century did all of the following EXCEPT:
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It can be inferred from the passage that if the behavior of an individual member of Huron society was strikingly out of the ordinary, the individual would most likely be
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Due to the importance they accorded roads, railways, rivers, and bridges, the French Impressionist painters were able to create a new iconography of landscape for the industrial age. Most contemporaries saw nothing in these paintings but trivial subjects and retained only the visual shock of the Impressionists' completely new technique and style. The Impressionist canvases were, however, much more complex than their apparent simplicity indicated: Impressionist landscapes balanced traditional images of France with elements representing industrial progress and thereby introduced modernity into painting. While retaining a part of the heritage they had received from their artistic predecessors, who had painted virgin forests and quaint old mills and farms, the Impressionists did not hesitate to place these traditional motifs next to factories and other signs of modernity in order to give as complete a vision as possible of their land. In their own way they were helping to celebrate the reconstruction of France that followed the Franco-Prussian War.
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Which of the following does the passage imply about the nineteenth-century reaction to French Impressionist landscape paintings?
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The passage suggests which of the following about French Impressionist painters of landscapes? (Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.)
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In the context in which it appears, "retained" most nearly means
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An academic with a questionable record in either teaching, administration, or research may still be well regarded at many schools, but simultaneous failure in all three areas normally results in ________ by superiors.
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In theory, when water freezes, ice crystals grow only from pure water, while any impurities are ________ the ice structure and are eventually swept away.
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Maddox presents a more (i)________ view of Franklin than the stereotyped rendering of her as the martyr whose data were stolen. By focusing substantial attention on Franklin' s achievements working on the molecular structure of coal and on virus research, Maddox (ii)_______ reducing Franklin' s legacy to her involvement in the (admittedly central) scientific story of DNA.
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Curry did not necessarily agree with the criticisms about her research paper, but rather than ________ them, as many scientists might have done, she began to engage with the critics.
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The public memorial in Pretoria' s Freedom Park presents ________ view of South Africa' s history, with the names on it representing all those who died in conflicts that contributed to the shaping of the country.
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As tough as it looks, the Chihuahuan Desert is a ________ place: although few humans have been here, their footsteps have fallen heavily in the desert.
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.Especially when poorly organized, alliances among nations can send messages that (i)________ either credible threats or credible assurances, thus making stable coercive diplomacy with enemies (short of war) (ii)________.
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The use of temperature records for the period from 1880 to 1899 as the favored baseline for measuring global warming is ________ because the 1880s were particularly cold after the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano.
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Using elaborate costumes and lighting, dancer Loie Fuller transformed herself multiple times during a performance, thereby emphasizing the ________ of character.
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Why Zona Gale—a Pulitzer Prize-winning writer whose novels were both a critical and popular success—has fallen so far out of the literary canon is the fascinating subject of Deborah Lindsay Williams' recent book. Williams concludes that Gale' s embrace of literary (i)________ accounts for her eventual decline in reputation. Gale sought professional affiliation with other women writers of many stripes, and Williams contends that she has therefore been (ii)________ by a later literary paradigm that favors (iii)________ as a marker of artistic prowess.
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Though it may not seem (i)________, the fate of the grizzly bears, which have been both feared and revered throughout history, may hinge on something as (ii)________ as a lowly moth.
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Proposed technological innovations aimed at removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere would likely be more (i)________ than transitioning to clean energy sources. Still, according to some energy experts, given the political barriers to emissions reductions, and the scale of reductions needed, it is (ii)________ that some carbon-capture technology will (iii)________ some of the worst effects of warming.
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