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It can be inferred from the passage that the relative resources theory would predict which of the following?
In his essay "Classical Jazz and the Black Arts Movement," Lorenzo Thomas argues that the Black Arts movement of the 1960s grew out of the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, during which African American artists produced work consciously grounded in their cultural heritage. Both movements hoped to advance African Americans' social position through cultural expression. Yet Black Arts movement scholar Larry Neal pronounced the Harlem Renaissance, which produced enduring works in many genres, "essentially a failure." According to Thomas, Neal' s statement reflects a difference in the two movements' political and aesthetic philosophies. Whereas leaders of the Harlem Renaissance championed the cause of African Americans by demonstrating their achievements in "high art" as defined by European tradition, the Black Arts movement' s leaders celebrated an African American aesthetic conceived as openly oppositional to that tradition. This is evident in the status held by jazz within the two movements. Commentators of the Harlem Renaissance cited, as evidence of the sophistication of jazz, the adaptation of jazz elements by European classical composers such as Antonin Dvorák. Some hoped that jazz musicians themselves would develop jazz into forms resembling European orchestral music. By contrast, asserts Thomas, Black Arts movement participants celebrated jazz as a musical form grounded in African Americans' historical experience that could not be evaluated using European aesthetic values.
The author of the passage introduces the subject of jazz primarily in order to
It can be inferred from the passage that, according to Thomas, the leaders of the Harlem Renaissance would probably agree with which of the following statements about the European artistic tradition?
It can be inferred from the passage that proponents of the Black Arts movement did not view jazz in the same way as the commentators of the Harlem Renaissance primarily because proponents of the Black Arts movement
This passage is adapted from material published in 1996.
Hip-hop music has emerged as a powerful African American cultural form addressing a broad spectrum of social issues. Yet hip-hop' s breadth is belied by hip-hop criticism, which has focused primarily on controversies about the antisocial content of some of its lyrics. Such discussions have almost preempted more sophisticated critical analysis. For example, little has been written about hip-hop' s relationship to its artistic precursors. Critics might examine parallels between hip-hop and the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s. Both movements produced art expressing the alienation felt by many African Americans. Furthermore, like the Black Arts Movement, hip-hop artists have collided with the profit-oriented nature of institutions of cultural production. Black artists continue to face restrictive conventions that the writers Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes faced in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s: commercial publishers' tendency to favor particular themes, subjects, or treatments for Black artists' work. The Black Arts Movement dealt with this dilemma by seeking outlets for autonomous cultural production, including theater companies and publishing houses. Hip-hop is similarly threatened by mainstream commercialism. As Palmer notes, many commercialized hip-hop lyrics are light and innocuous. Committed hip-hop artists have therefore sought out alternatives to mainstream commercial venues.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
The passage suggests which of the following about "committed hip-hop artists" ?
At first glance, the place of Henry James among Modernist writers remains somewhat problematic. His dozen or more novels and scores of short stories obey the classic rules. Unlike Modernist novels, whose focus on characters' inner lives provoked critics' complaints that "nothing happens," James' s plots move forward at a relentless pace, with denouements occurring where convention has put them, at the end. Their dialogue, if at times high-flown, is naturalistic; their author appears as an all-knowing presence. Despite these literary orthodoxies, though, James' s works, especially his late novels, show something amazingly new and unexpected. His explorations of consciousness shy at no complexity and lend his otherwise conventional novels the focus on interiority that characterizes the Modernist project in fiction.
The passage suggests that compared to Modernist novels, novels by Henry James tend to
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would agree with which of the following claims about James' s fiction?(Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.)
Typical of Argentine melodrama of the 1930s were the films starring Libertad Lamarque, the genre's biggest box-office attraction. Her most frequent role was that of the tango singer whose romance with a wealthy suitor is blocked by his elitist family. Despite its widespread social acceptance by the 1930s, tango continued to be associated in film melodramas with criminality and vice. As Diana Paladino remarks, in these films, "the tango songstress was doomed from the start." Nevertheless, if melodramatic logic dictated that Lamarque be punished for the transgressive act of singing tango, surely that judgment was not shared by the members of the audience, many of whom were drawn to her early movies precisely because of her fame as a tango singer.
Which of the following claims about Lamarque can be inferred from the passage?
According to the author of the passage, which of the following is true about the tango?
"Flight-Initiation Distance" (FID) is the distance at which birds flee from an approaching human. Birds adjust their FIDs in relation to a range of factors, including body mass, encounter rates with stimuli, and aspects of the stimulus such as starting distance (the distance at which a human approach begins), stimulus type (e.g., vehicle or walker), proximity to refuge, directness and speed of approach. The ability to discriminate between stimuli within species demonstrates that cognition is involved in the specifics of bird escape, and the substantial cognitive ability of at least some birds has recently been highlighted. Accurate judgment of risk, and appropriate mediation of response, is likely to be critical for the survival of many birds that encounter potentially threatening stimuli such as humans in increasing numbers and places. The "cognitive buffer" hypothesis suggests larger-brained birds will be better able to adapt to novel environmental conditions, such as those created by anthropogenic landscape change. In theory, these birds may be able to more accurately judge risk when presented with a stimulus, or be able to learn (habituate or sensitize) to adjust responses appropriately based on their previous experience. If so, one would predict that there would be a negative association between FID and brain size within and across species.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
Which of the following statements, if true, would confirm the prediction made in the final sentence of the passage? (Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.)
The passage suggests that birds with an invariably long FID are
In triangle $$ABC$$, point $$D$$ lies on side $$AB$$ so that $$AD$$ is twice as long as $$DB$$. Point $$E$$ lies on side $$BC$$ so that $$DE$$ is parallel to $$AC$$. If the length of $$DE$$ is $$5$$, what is the length of $$AC$$?
Let $$a$$, $$b$$, and $$c$$ be positive integers such that $$x^2 + cx + 16 = (x+a)(x+b)$$ for all values of $$x$$. What is the largest possible value of $$c$$ minus the smallest possible value of $$c$$?

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